Astrophotography diagnosis of star: Focus miss and oversaturation

The moon is a waning crescent at 5 percent, effectively absent: it has no impact on this target. In any case, for planetary work light pollution and the moon are nearly neutral parameters, the planet is vastly brighter than the sky background. The only sky factor that matters here is turbulence and Jupiter's altitude above the horizon: the lower it sits, the more the air stirs and the more the disk boils, with atmospheric dispersion colouring the edges on top of that. Aim for the windows when the planet crosses the meridian, and favour steady nights over transparent ones, that is not the same criterion as in deep sky.

The computed field of 0.02 degrees is consistent with a long focal length setup, which is the right choice for Jupiter: the planet fills about a quarter of the frame width, comfortable for recentring and leaving margin for drift. However, the detail actually delivered does not match that sampling, the disk is far softer than the image scale would allow. Without tube or camera details provided, I will not go further on optical suitability, but the visible bottleneck is the capture chain, not the field. A fast planetary camera in video mode, even a modest one, would gain far more than an optics change.